Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a single gene disorder of human beings. In the United States, about 72 000 people had SCD, and 2 million are carriers. In Africa, more than 200 000 infants per year are born with SCD. In the 1960s, SCD was reported in Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, sickle cell disease prevalence is 24 per 10,000, with a regional distribution that showed the eastern region with a prevalence of 145 per 10,000, a southern province with a prevalence of 24 per 10,000, the western region 12 per 10,000, and central region with 6 per 10,000.

Methodology: The study was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Pediatrics emergency department at Security Forces Hospital Al-Riyadh from 2013 to 2019.

Result: This study was conducted in the emergency department of pediatrics at Security Forces hospital -Riyadh from 2013 to 2019. The total number of patients seen during the study period was 679 patients. Males were 483 patients (71.1%), and females were 196 patients (28.9%). The mean age was 6.826±3. Patients less than five years old were 33%, 5_10 years were 53.5%, and more than ten years was 13.5%. Patients presented with painful crises represented 65.8% of patients. Admission was made to 24.4% of those with painful crises, and 75.6% were discharged. 29.1% of those with Infection were admitted, where 70.9% with Infection and discharged. (P-value =0.000).

Conclusion: Our study is like most studies that showed that 5-10 years were the most age group. Painful crises were the commonest presenting symptoms. Most children in the pediatrics emergency department with Infection treated as an outpatient.

Keywords: Sickle cell diseases, Emergency, Children, Saudi arabia