Drug use is highly common during pregnancy and presents significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. Studies state that drug use contributes to complications including preterm birth, low birth weight, congenital disabilities, and long-term neurodevelopmental issues. According to numerous studies, a high percentage of adult pregnant women drink alcohol, as well as a high prevalence of adult women who use tobacco. It is noteworthy that prenatal exposure to substances like alcohol, opioids, as well as other stimulants. To say the least, certain prescription medications have been associated with poor fetal development, as well as long-term physical and cognitive impairments. For instance, studies state that some commonly used medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can lead to birth defects and developmental concerns. In addition, it is said that prenatal exposure to alcohol is a prevailing cause of preventable intellectual disability, with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) affecting up to five percent of children in certain populations. To take note, the consequences of drug exposure during pregnancy goes beyond birth. Statistics have highlighted numerous hospitalization cases of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in newborns exposed to opioids in utero. Also, children who are affected may experience behavioural issues, learning disabilities, while they may also have increased susceptibility to chronic illnesses. Providers must address this significant issue. By doing so, they can implement preventive strategies in their practices to reduce complications associated. They can provide women with comprehensive prenatal care, including early screening for substance use, and patient education. In addition, they can be provided with multidisciplinary support involving obstetricians, paediatricians, and mental health professionals to cater to their healthcare needs holistically.  Multiple studies found the use of Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) for opioid-dependent mothers and counselling services to be effective for at-risk women. Additionally, providers must take note of the effectiveness of public health initiatives and policy regulations in raising awareness and ensuring access to safer alternatives. If holistically addressed, providers can address the influence of drugs in pregnancy, thereby safeguarding both maternal and neonatal health.

Keywords: Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS), Prenatal drug exposure, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs), the influence of drugs in pregnancy, Maternal substance use, Opioid use in pregnant mothers, Opioid-dependent mothers