Received: August 21, 2019 Accepted: August 22, 2019 Published: August 22, 2019
INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in men and the third most commonly occurring cancer in women in the world. There were 2 million new cases in 2018, according to American Cancer Research centre. Hungary s is leading with 56.7 per 100,000 of the population after age standardisation. Slovakia is at the bottom of the list with 31.2 per 100,000 of the population.One of the reasons for the lung cancer is smoking.
In the United States the "odds ratio" of lung cancer in male smoker’s vs non-smokers was 40.1 versus the ratio in Japan was 6.3 .This is known as the “Japanese smoking lung cancer paradox.”,as the smokers are more in Japan
In India the incidence of lung cancer is 6.45% and death rate is 8.82%, the smoking being in different forms- Biris (Dry tobacco leaf wounded on itself), cigarettes ,cigars and hookah.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES:
The workshop demonstrates the approach to the diagnosis of the lung cancer, envisaging clinical picture, investigations and highlighting the experince in few centres.
CLINICAL PICTURE;
lung cancer is due to many reaseons including genetic predisposition, atmosphere pollution and smoking of tobacco. the clinical picture is varigated with cough, haemoptysis, dyspnoea, loss of weight and fever, if there is secondary infection. the clincical signs are of consolidation, collapse with fixed ronchus and crepitions. occassionally, the clincal signs may not yield any signicficant clues, specially in the carcinoma in situ stage. the routine medical check up may show the radiological evidence, in unexpected quarters.
THE INVESTIGATIONS:
They start from basic investigations of haemogram, sputum for expfoliative cytology and chest x-ray picture. these are to be supported by computer tomogramme of the chest with or without ct guided biopsy, pet scanning, fibreoptic bronchoscopy (fob)coupled with e-buss guided biopsy. some times, the tumor markers are also needed. the workshop will high light in detail the work up , the procedures along with the histopathological diagnosis
the diagnostic procedures adopted in few centres of india will be highlighted. wherever possible the video clippings will be displayed
FINDINGS:
The types are sqamous cell carcinoma,adenocarcinoma,smallcell carcinoma,undifferentiated . some pleural malignancies are also present