Cardiovascular event is the general term used to indicate numerous heart diseases which are related to fat deposition and arthrosclerosis which accounts for higher mortality rates. Co-occurrence of obesity, hyperglycemia and cardiovascular disease is the major health concern resulting in increased mortality. Obesity is defined as the body mass index greater than 30kg/m² which has direct relationship with cardiovascular disease and enhances production of inflammatory mediators. Activated JNK pathway through inflammatory response is the hallmark of insulin resistance. Hyperglycemia and obesity interfere with RAAS pathway contributing to hypertension and other cardiovascular complications. Altered RAAS pathway elevates angiotensinogen II which in turn generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overabundance of ROS contributes to arthrosclerosis by oxidation of poly unsaturated lipids. Obesity extends the mass of adipose tissues and promotes systemic inflammation which in turn promotes pro inflammatory genes. This excess pro inflammatory cytokines results in fibrosis. Insulin resistance triggers oxidative stress that induces inflammatory response resulting in tissue damage. Inflammatory response remains the key factor for initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease and co morbid conditions. Hence focusing on the inflammatory mediator pathway will guide in individualizing therapeutic regimen to alleviate the disease. Existing hyperlipidiemic drugs HMG CoA Reductase inhibitors, Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors and Fibrates, Cholesterol absorption inhibitors and synthetic hypoglycemic agentsGLP-1 agonist, Biguanide, DPP-4 inhibitors are focused in management because of their anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitizing mechanism. Phyto compounds have been observed with anti inflammatory properties serve as better alternatives because of their minimal side effects which have positive impact on patient’s life.
Keywords: Arthrosclerosis, Cardiovascular disease, Inflammation, Insulin resistance, Obesity