Shoats are primarily the domestic animals of Somali pastoral communities that ensure food security and economic growth of the country but recent years were decreased due to the shortage of feed and increased contaminated environment. Cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2017 to November 2017 to assess the prevalence of foreign bodies in a rumen and to identify their type and associated risk factors in the slaughtered animals at Maandeeq abattoir. A total of 500 small ruminants were examined in the study. Systematic random sampling was employed to select the animals. Out of these, 33% (165/500) were had indigestible foreign bodies in the rumen and reticulum. The prevalence of foreign bodies was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in goat, 40.0% (78/195) than in sheep 28.5% (87/305). Odds ratio (OR) analysis indicated that goats were 1.67 times likely shown to acquire foreign body in rumen and reticulum than sheep (OR = 1.670 CI=1.143- 2.441). Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the prevalence of indigestible foreign material were observed between female (36.19%) and male (27.57%), Besides, Significantly (P < 0.05) higher prevalence was observed in old aged (>3 years) shoats (53.85%) than young (