One of the treatment options for Low Grade (LG) Non Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) is represented by Active Surveillance (AS), suggested for the first time in 2003 by Soloway and Coll, and actually recommended by International Guidelines. AS allows a reduction of the number of Trans-Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumour (TURBT) throughout the pts’ lifetime, without compromising the possibility of intervention in case of progression. AS is feasible considering the fact that a non-negligible number of pts are old and often present considerable comorbidities, with subsequent increasing risks, partly due to anesthesia and partly due to complications of TURBT per se, especially in case of repeated procedures. Our group have published three papers since 2016 up to 2018, about the results of pts included in a local national observational program [Bladder Cancer Italian Active Surveillance – (BIAS) project] after diagnosis of recurrence. The progression rate was 13,1% and 7,4% about grade and stage, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrated that AS can reduce the life-time cost of this category of pts by avoiding unnecessary frequent surgeries without increasing the risk of progression. Before COVID-19 outbreak, over 200 pts were on AS and we usually performed 7 cystoscopies per week in an outpatient setting. However, the pandemic has led to a reduction of number of pts who can potentially meet the inclusion criteria of AS, as well as the possibility to be admitted to hospital in order to perform follow-up procedures. In this scenario, we could take advantage from SARS-Cov-2 thanks to two possible amendments of BIAS, strictly applicable during this pandemic: 1. Increasing the maximum number of lesions (from 5 to 7) which leads to TURBT; 2. Extension of follow-up period during AS from 3 to 6 months. Finally, these amendments can lead to an increasing number of pts in AS.

Keywords: Bladder Cancer, Active Surveillance, Cystoscopy, Pandemic, COVID-19