Snake venoms contain multitude proteins, including enzymes with diverse enzymatic potential on the mechanism ofhemostatic and thrombosis systems to incapacitate victims after envenomation. This mixture has components witheither synergistic or antagonistic effects on blood coagulation. Snakes that contain hemotoxins belong to Viperidae,Elapidae and Colubridae families. Apart from developing therapeutic agents from venom, venomous animals can bestudied for the presence of endogenous antivenoms that protect against their own toxins. In the present study, theproteome mixture of Iranian Echis carinatus venom (IEC) was assessed for the first time by MALDI-TOF/MSspectrometry analysis. Here, we described blood complications caused by IEC venom and its fractions. In-vitro andin-vivo coagulant assays were conducted to determine the effects of IEC venom and its fractions. We also evaluatedthe in-vivo and in-vitro effectiveness of the polyvalent antivenom in neutralizing hematological manifestations. Theresults of the PT, APTT, TCT, FCT, hemorrhagic, defibrinogenating, platelet aggregation tests, and hematologicparameters for plasma revealed the multifunctional features of toxins which can act on their multiple protein targetsof prey. Pharmacologic and proteomic assays have confirmed that SVMPs and DIS are mainly present in IECvenom and its fractions. In conclusion, use of polyvalent antivenom leads to neutralization of enzymes andpharmacological properties of IEC venom.

Keywords: Echis carinatus venom, Hematological, Antivenom, Platelet aggregation, Hemorrhagic, Mass spectrometry