Human Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease, which has symptoms similar to smallpox. It is an endemic disease in western and central Africa, where some equatorial rainforests and animals may contain the virus live. The Monkeypox virus was first discovered and isolated in 1958; the first positive human case was in 1970. The causative agent is the monkeypox virus under the genus Orthopoxvirus that includes cowpox, camelpox, vaccinia, and variola viruses that belongs to the family Poxviridae. Viral transmission takes two ways first horizontal transmission such as physical contact with a person who has symptoms or infected animals, and second vertical transmission through the placenta to the fetus.The case resolves all lesions or crusts that have spontaneously fallen off and new intact skin has formed around 3 to 4 weeks after symptom onset in most cases and is removed away on its own without treatment. In suckling babies and people with underlying immune deficiencies or under chronic disease, the disease develops into a complicated infection and may lead to serious symptoms and death. An antiviral that was developed to treat smallpox (tecovirimat, commercialized as TPOXX) was also approved for the treatment of monkeypox in January 2022. Imvanex was approved in 2019 as A novel vaccine. These days the outbreak of human monkeypox disease spread in other countries outside west and central Africa where the monkeypox virus is endemic, due to the travelers and tourists who touch the infected wild animals and imported them to their countries.

Keywords: Monkey pox, Orthopox virus, Small pox, Microscope, Imvanex