Epilepsy is amongst the oldest and most recognizable health problem and disabilities that afflicts almost fifty (50) million individuals across the world. Discrimination and social stigma are largely associated with epilepsy over decades. This research investigated the Anticonvulsant effects of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata in wister rats following pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsion. Phytochemical constituents and median lethal dose (LD50) values of the extract were determined using standard methods. The Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins and tannins while the acute toxicity studies revealed the LD50 values of approximately 5000mg/kg body weight. The extract was able to significantly and dose dependently increased the onset of seizure and reduced seizure latency at the doses of 750 and 1500mg/kg body weight when compared to normal saline treated group. In this study, methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata was found to contain phytochemicals which may be responsible for the observed anticonvulsant activity, supporting the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of epilepsy. However, the current study did not identify the active agent/s mediating the antiepileptic property of this plant and the mechanism through which the effect was exerted. Therefore further research is required.
Keyword: Epilepsy, Adansonia digitata, Pentylenetetrazole, Phytochemistry, LD50