Background and Aim: Entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal parasite and a causative agent of amoebiasis which is a common life-threatening parasitic disease. This study was intended to determine the prevalence of E. histolytica and to provide the primary data about its infections among the patients attending Nyanza District Hospital in Rwanda.

Methods: Bottles were used to collect 138 stool specimens from patients. All the samples were physically analyzed based on their colors, states, and the presence of blood or mucus. The wet preparation method and zinc sulphate floatation technique were used to concentrate the parasites. Microscopic analysis was done to examine the presence of cysts and trophozoites. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS using chi-square test and independent t test.

Results: The prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica was 15.94%. The sex distribution of infections revealed that males (21.54%) were more infected than females (10.95%). The highest prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica was found in the age group of 1-19 years old (27.11%) and the lowest prevalence was observed in the age group of 20-39 years old (6.89%). A prevalence of 33.33% was reported among the people who directly drink tap water and 40% of infections among the patients who did not wash their hands before eating and after using latrines.

Conclusion: Overall, Entamoeba histolytica is still considered as a health burden in Nyanza District Hospital. Therefore, it is vital to control direct exposure to its risk factors for mitigating the occurrence of amoebiasis.