Introduction: Sepsis diagnostics during the pre-clinical stage remains a most complex issue in neonathology.
Research objective: Increasing the efficiency of sepsis diagnostics.
Materials and Methods: The randomized controlled clinical testing was performed on 200 full-term newborns with respiratory pathology admitted to the Intensive Therapy department for artificial pulmonary ventilation during the first 48-hour period of their lives; no clinical signs of bacterial infection were diagnosed. On  the 1th, 5th and 20th days after admission, the plasmаc concentration of IL-1_ß, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, G-CSF, s-Fas, FGF, NO was determined by capture ELISA;  CD3⁺CD19^-, CD3^-CD19⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁺, CD3⁺CD8⁺, CD69⁺, CD71⁺, CD95⁺, HLA-DR⁺, CD34⁺, CD14⁺, CD3^-CD56⁺ , lymphocytes with expression AnnexinV-FITC⁺PI^- \ FITC⁺PI⁺ were determined by means of  immunophenotypincal analysis. By applying the statistical cluster population analysis of the immunological criteria under study we have evaluated the feasibility of sepsis diagnostics at the admission to the intensive therapy unit. The diagnostic rule for sepsis has been formulated By applying the "decision tree" approach to the "R" statistic medium.
Results: Of the 200 patients accepted, 45 newborns featured the confirmed sepsis development. The cluster analysis confirms the presence of two clusters (presence of absence of sepsis: these two components explain the 60.81% of the point variability). The diagnostic rule for the early diagnostics of sepsis is as follows: disease develops providing during the first 48 hours CD95≥16.8% and NO≤9.6 mkmol/l or CD95≤16.8% and CD34≤0.2% and CD69≥4.12% or CD95≤16.8% and CD34≤0.2% and CD69≤4.12% and lymphocytes with expression AnnexinV-FITC⁺PI^-≥12.3%.. The accuracy of this diagnostics amounts to 95.41%; sensitivity to 97.06%; specificity to 94.67%; diagnostic false positive share to 5.33%; diagnostic false positive share to 2.94%; positive result accuracy to 89.19%; negative result accuracy to 98.61%.
Conclusions: A substantial part in developing sepsis is due to the prevailing of the alteration of immunocompetent cells over the proliferation and endogenic synthesis of NO.
Keywords: Sepsis, Early diagnostics, Newborn, Nitrogen oxide, Apoptosis