The global prevalence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), another name for kidney cancer is increasing annually and the causes are multifactorial. Earlier detection and more sophisticated therapies have decreased kidney cancer mortality. Vast geographic and temporal differences in prevalence rates are the primary epidemiologic factors of kidney cancer, whose cause is largely unclear. Smoking, obesity, having a history of hypertension, and chronic renal disease are all recognized risk factors. Both the fundamental biologic mechanisms causing cancer occurrence and other putative risk factors need to be further studied. Tackling modifiable risk factors, such as body weight management and smoking cessation, as well as interventions throughout the diagnostic pathway can help prevent kidney cancer. Early diagnosis can also be improved by these measures. Renal cell carcinoma diagnosis and treatment have evolved surprisingly quickly. Despite an increase in renal cancer prevalence, survival rates have significantly increased. Despite improvements in cancer survival and management, a sizable minority of patients continue to be diagnosed with locally chronic cancer and distant metastases. The purpose of this paper is tocomprehensively and critically examine available current literatures and statistical data regarding kidney cancer, both globally and specifically the Russian Federation; and current treatment of kidney cancer and area of prevention opportunities and future direction.

Keywords: Renal Cancer, Global Epidemiology of Renal Cancer, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Treatment of Renal Cancer