Pattern of Antibiotics Resistance and Phenotypic Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Isolates in Four Hospitals of Littoral Region, Cameroon
Merlin Jonas Wandji Takemegni1,2*, Clement Jules Nguedia Assob2,7, Jerome Ateudjieu3,4,5, George Orock Enow2, Francois-Xavier Mbopi-Keou8, Marcelin Ngowe Ngowe6,7
1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, New-Bell District Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
3Division of Health Research, M.A. SANTE (MeilleurAccès aux Soins de Santé/Better Access to Health Care), Yaounde, Cameroon
4Department of Public Health, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
5Division of Health Operations Research, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
6Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
7Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
8Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Citation: Takemegni MJW, Assob CJN, Ateudjieu J, Enow GO, Keou FXM (2022) Pattern of Antibiotics Resistance and Phenotypic Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Isolates in Four Hospitals of Littoral Region, Cameroon. SciTech Biomed-Cancer 2022.
Received: June 18, 2022 Accepted: June 20, 2022 Published: June 20, 2022
Abstract
Background: Contaminated hospital surface have been recognized to be the most significant reservoir of multidrug resistant bacteria (MDRB).The aim of this study was to describe phenotypicalcharacterics of Multidrug resistant bacteria species surface contaminants in four hospitals of Littoral region, Cameroon.
Methods: We conducted a descriptive hospital based cross-sectional study from December 2018 toMay 2019. A simple random sampling was used to swap 10 selected equipment and 10 materials in the mornings after disinfection but before the start of work in seven units . After inoculation in four agar media consecutively (EosineMetyleine blue, Cled, Manitol salt agar and blood agar ) and incubated in appropriate conditions, the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility test.
Results: Among 50.4% (119/236) showed positive bacteria growth, a total of 89 (13 species),
predominant bacteria and those more likely to cause nosocomial infections were selected and tested each one to 18 antibiotics. There was high level of resistance to Penicillin (amoxicillin (77.5%) and Oxacillin (76.4%)), followed by 3G Cephalosporine (Ceftazidime (74.2%)) and Monobactam (Aztreonam (70.8%)). Although the least level of resistance was observed in Carbapenem (imipenem (5.6%)). The overall prevalence of MDRB was 62.9% (56/89). MRSA were the mostly detected 57.5 % (30/89), followed by ESBL 10.1% (9/89). Military hospital of Douala and Emergency unit was the MDRBs dominantly contaminated area respectively 39.3% (22/56) and 17.9% (10/56).
Conclusion:MDRB occurred to be a current public health problem as well as hospital surfaces are worrying reservoir that can be spread to patient, health professionals and visitors. Our results could serve as a timely regional data of hospital surface epidemiological surveillance basis on which preventive strategy of HAIs and AMR should be buitaccompanied by active methods of supervisions aimed at improving the safety of hospital milieus.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Susceptibility test, Multidrug-Resistant bacteria, Hospital facilities, Units, Littoral region-cameroon
