Background: Access to affordable anticancer medications in Nigeria remains a challenge despite government subsidies. Many patients face high out-of-pocket expenses due to limited health insurance. Frequent stock-outs and inadequate healthcare infrastructure further hinder access, leading to poor adherence and worsened health outcomes. This study explores the financial, systemic, and social barriers affecting cancer patients’ access to medications.
Objectives: This study identifies key barriers preventing Nigerian cancer patients from accessing affordable medications. It examines financial constraints, medication availability, and healthcare challenges impacting adherence. Additionally, it evaluates the role of social support in shaping patient experiences and provides policy recommendations.
Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Oncology Unit of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH). Data were collected from 180 patients (98% response rate) aged 18 and above using interview-based questionnaires. The survey assessed financial barriers, medication availability, social support, and adherence. Data analysis was performed using SPSS with descriptive statistics.
Results: Findings revealed significant socioeconomic disparities. Most participants (55.6%) were female, with the 46-55 age group most represented. Over 60% were married, yet 95.6% lacked health insurance, relying on personal funds. Financial constraints were the primary challenge, with 65.6% citing cost as the biggest barrier and 50% skipping doses due to affordability. Many spent 31-50%, some over 50% of their monthly income on medications. Frequent stock-outs further disrupted treatment. Social support, mainly from family, helped patients cope, though stigma and discrimination remained. While some saw quality-of-life improvements, financial and accessibility challenges persisted.
Conclusion: This study highlights the urgent need for policy reforms to expand health insurance, subsidize anticancer medications, and strengthen supply chains. Addressing financial barriers and stigma is crucial to improving treatment adherence and patient outcomes.
Keywords: Barriers, Affordability, Anticancer medications, Nigeria, Healthcare access, Financial constraints, Medication availability
