Aim: The purpose of this review is to examine cases with maxillomandibular fusion and treatment methods and the effect on patients' recovery.

Methods: In order to conduct this review, original articles in English were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles were reviewed from 1997 to 2023. Unpublished studies and studies in non-English language were not reviewed. In this study, the gender and age of the patients were not classification criteria, and all bony and mucosal fusions of the maxilla and mandible with or without ankylosis of the jaw joint and connection to the zygoma were considered.

Results: The studied cases had two types of Dawson's classification. Type 1 is mucosal fusion and type 2 is bone fusion. Cases that had bone fusion and the involvement is more severe have respiratory and nutritional problems and the risk of intubation during surgery is raised for them. Tissue and bone separation and establishment of proper airway and nutrition are part of the treatment goals of this disease. Placing the distractor device in the osteotomized place and daily activation of the device is continued until the desired length of the mandible is reached, and then after the separation of the device, a long follow-up phase of the patients and physical therapy is done to stabilize the obtained result. Gender and age have no effect on the rate of disease recurrence, and patients with syndromes such as Horner, Aglossia-Adactylia, etc. show variable results.

Conclusion: Maxillomandibular syngnathia is a rare disease of unknown etiology. which can range from mucosal fusion to complete bony fusion of the maxilla, mandible and zygomatic arch and has different classifications that can cause many problems for patients depending on the severity of the disease. Safe airway access through endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy and alimentary access through nasal feeding tube or gastrostomy and intra- and extra-oral access to the fusion area and then isolation and osteotomy of the area and deployment of distractor devices and most importantly long follow-up and physiotherapy can save the lives of these children.

Keywords: Syngnathia, Vertical Distraction; Maxillomandibular Fusion; Tmj Ankylosis; Osteotomy