58th World Summit on Immunology, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
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Accepted Abstracts

Clonal Diversity and Spatial Dissemination of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex among HIV Seropositive Clients in Southwest Nigeria

Ojetayo Helen Oluwatosin* and Daniel Ugbomioko
University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Citation: Oluwatosin HO, Ugbomioko D (2024) Clonal Diversity and Spatial Dissemination of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex among HIV Seropositive Clients in Southwest Nigeria. SciTech Immuno-Microbiology 2024.

Received: January 15, 2025         Accepted: January 16, 2025         Published: January 16, 2025

Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex display relatively static genomes and 99.9% nucleotide sequence identity. Studying the evolutionary history of such monomorphic bacteria is a difficult and challenging task. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the clonal diversity and spatial dissemination of drug-resistant M.tuberculosis complex among HIV seropositive clients in Southwest Nigeria. A total of two-hundred and seventeen (217) consented HIV positive (case subjects) and fifty (50) non-HIV positive controls were recruited for this study. Sputum and blood samples were collected from each participant.  Sputum samples were divided into two parts: one part was decontaminated using NAOH-NALC method and asceptically culture for Mycobacteria on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium with and without pyruvate. Mycobacterial isolates were characterized using conventional and molecular methods. Anti-TB drug sensitivity test was done using 1% proportion conventional method on LJ.  MTBC isolates were sequenced using Genetic Analyzer 3130xl sequencer Genetic relatedness and clonal diversity (phylogenectic analysis) of MTBC isolates   were done using Bio- Edit software and MEGA 6. Out of 217 HIV positive participants, 105(48.4%) were male, while 112(51.6%) were female. Twenty-six (26(52.0%)) of the control subjects were male, while 24(48.0%) were females. The overall prevalence of TB among PLHIV was found to be 19.1%. The prevalence of NTM among PLHIV was found to be 2.8% with M.intracellulare being the predominant organism isolated.  Participants’ age was found to be significantly associated with TB (P<0.05), however there was no significant association between TB and sex of the participants (P<0.05).  The prevalence of culture confirmed drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) among PLHIV was found to be 11.9%, with Rifampicin having the highest monoresistance rate of 5.5%. The overall prevalence of MDR-TB among PLHIV was found to be 9.2%. The phylogenetic analysis of M.tuberculosis strains revealed same clone of all isolates. All PLHIV should be screened for drug-resistant TB especially MDR-TB as the prevalence of primary MDR-TB is high among them. Further study like 3R gene-based studies of adaptation and evolution is needed to facilitate further epidemiological studies of these bacteria.