Background and Aim: Sleep is a crucial aspect of our physical and mental well-being. Insomnia, a common sleep disorder, can significantly impact our overall health and quality of life. Emerging research suggests that the gut microbiota, the diverse community of microorganisms residing in our gastrointestinal tract, plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including sleep regulation. In this regard, this study reviews the evidence that shows association between gut microbiota reconstitution and sleep quality improvement in neurological diseases, focusing on the role of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, inflammation, and other related factors.

Methods: A comprehensive collection of information was achieved from medical databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. In order to identify related articles, keywords related to this topic including gut microbiota, sleep and beta-glucan were investigated and combined using Boolean operators (e.g., AND, OR).

Results: In the recent years, extensive investigations have revealed notable alterations in the compositions of gut microbiome in individuals with sleep disorders. There is evidence that beta-glucan can play an important role in reconstitution of gut microbiome. 1,3-beta-D-glucan supplementation has been shown to increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. These bacteria are known to produce metabolites that can positively impact sleep patterns. Additionally, 1,3-beta-D-glucan has been reported to reduce inflammation in the gut and systemic circulation. Inflammation is a key factor in many sleep disorders, and its reduction may contribute to improved sleep quality. Balancing the immune system and management of chronic inflammation by the healing gut dysbiosis and beneficial microbiome reconstitution can be a new and effective therapeutic approach for treating insomnia.

Conclusion: The evidence support that beta glucan is able to balance the gut microbiome and amelioration of pathological changes which is considered beneficial in sleep quality improvement in patient with neurological diseases. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize personalized approaches for improving sleep quality through gut microbiota manipulation.

Keywords: Gut microbiota, 1,3-beta-D-glucan, Sleep