The production of selenoproteins containing selenocysteine requires the vitamin selenium, a non-metallic element. Selenium content per gramme of tissue is highest in the thyroid in adults. The majority of selenium proteins, including glutathione peroxidase, are expressed in the thyroid and have roles in regulating redox states, maintaining cellular homeostasis, and metabolism of thyroid hormones. A deficiency in selenium has been linked to an increased risk of thyroid illnesses of various kinds, according to certain clinical research. It has been demonstrated that treating people with Graves' orbitopathy with selenium can slow the course of the disease and enhance quality of life.Reduced anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody levels and improved thyroid ultrasonography structure were linked to selenium treatment in cases of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Different selenium supplements have demonstrated varying degrees of anticancer efficacy in thyroid cancer.

To ascertain the clinical importance of selenium,additional clinical evidence is still required as published results are still inconclusive. As a result, we examine the compelling evidence linking selenium deficiency to thyroid disorders and offer fresh perspectives on the therapeutic use of selenium in these conditions.

Keywords : Thyroid diseases, Selenium, Selenoproteins